Types of Bonds Present in a DNA Molecule - 554 Words

There are several types of bonds present in a DNA molecule. There are covalent bonds; the sharing of electron pairs between atoms. There are also phosphodiester bonds which are strong groups of covalent bonds amid phosphorus atoms. Then there are hydrogen bonds in which the hydrogen in one atom of a molecule is attracted to an electronegative atom in another molecule. A complementary base paring refers hydrogen bonds connecting two complementary chains of DNA or RNA. In DNA adenine will only link with thymine and guanine will only link with cytosine. RNA is very similar but uracil is bonded with adenine instead of thymine. Complementary DNA (cDNA) is a copy of an RNA molecule. In order to produce cDNA the RNA has to be isolated , then enzymes are used to reverse the RNA template to create a double strand copy of the RNA. Another interesting feature of DNA areâ€Å"Sticky ends†; which refers to unpaired nucleotides on one strand of the double helix of DNA. The enzymes on the strand cause the â€Å"sticky end† to form; it is easily bonded with other DNA sequences and allow the creation of larger DNA sequences. There are a lot of ways scientist are able to manipulate and reproduce DNA. For example there are some human products that are synthesized with bacteria for medical treatments. Insulin is a protein synthesized in E.coli bacteria to treat diabetes. Human growth hormones and many other vaccines are also products of some human product synthesized with bacteria. ThisShow MoreRelatedEssay on Water in the Biochemical Process1654 Words   |  7 Pages various types of water are present. They are known as bound, hydration, vicinal and bulk water. 95% of watery body fluid is composed of bulk water, since they function as â€Å"space filling medium†, which supports life and creates an aqueous medium for cellular reactions (Watterson, 1987) . 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